Materials of Construction Indicated
by pH Value
| pH Value |
Material of Construction |
| 0 to 4 |
Corrosion Resistant Alloy Steels |
| 4 to 6 |
All Bronze |
| 6 to 8 |
Bronze Fitted or Standard Fitted |
| 8 to 10 |
All Iron |
| 10 to 14 |
Corrosion Resistant Alloys |
Recommended Materials for Pumping
Various Liquids
The following tables indicate
the materials most commonly used in the manufacture of pumps and
pipes for the various liquids herein. However, this page is to
be seen as a guide only. Temperature, concentration, purity,
abrasion, and structural factors must also be considered in the
selection of construction materials.
Remember also that many of the
materials on this list are toxic, corrosive, or dangerous. Please
excercise caution when dealing with these substances.
Explanation of Symbols
Used
A
-- designates an all bronze pump
B -- designates a bronze fitted pump
C -- designates an all iron pump |
Summary
of Material Selections and ASTM*
Standard Designations |
| Material
Selection |
Corresponding
National Society
Standards Designation |
Remarks |
| ASTM* |
|
1 |
A48,
Classes 20,25,30,35,40 & 50 |
Gray Iron--Six
Grades |
| 1(a) |
A536 A395 |
Ductile Cast Iron--Six
Grades |
| 2 |
B584 |
Tin Bronze &
Leaded tin
Bronze--seven alloys |
| 3 |
A216-WCB |
Carbon Steel |
| 4 |
A217-C5 |
5% Chromium Steel |
| 5 |
A743-CA15 |
12% Chromium Steel |
| 6 |
A743-CB30 |
20% Chromium Steel |
| 7 |
A743-CC50 |
28% Chromium Steel |
| 8 |
A743-CF-8 |
19-9 Austenitic
Steel |
| 9 |
A743-C-8M |
19-10 Molybdenum
Austenitic Steel |
| 10 |
A743-CN-7M |
20-29 Chromium
Nickel Austenitic
Steel with Copper & Molybdenum |
| 11 |
A518 |
A series of nickel-base
alloys |
| 12 |
A436 |
Corrosion Resistant
High-silicon cast iron |
| 13 |
A439 |
Austenitic cast
iron--2 types |
| 13(a) |
|
Ductile Austenitic
Cast Iron |
| 14 |
|
Nickel-Copper
Alloy |
| 15 |
|
Nickel |
| 16 |
|
Duplex stainless
steel--typically
25% chromium, 5% nickel,
3% molybdenum + nitrogen |
*ASTM--denotes American
Society for Testing Material.
| Liquid |
State
of Liquid |
Symbol |
Specific
Gravity |
Materials |
| Acetaldehyde |
|
C2H4O |
0.78 |
C |
| Acetate Solvents |
|
|
|
A,B,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acetone |
|
C3H6O |
0.79 |
B,C |
| Acetic Anhydride |
|
C4H6O3 |
1.08 |
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Acetic |
Conc. Cold |
C2H4O2 |
1.05 |
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Acetic |
Dil. Cold |
|
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Acetic |
Conc. Boiling |
|
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Acetic |
Dil. Boiling |
|
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Arsenic,
Ortho- |
|
H3AsO41/2H2O |
2.0-2.5 |
8,9,10,11,12 |
| Acid, Benzoic |
|
C7H5O2 |
1.27 |
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Boric |
Aqueous Sol. |
H3BO3 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Butyric |
Conc. |
C4H8O2 |
0.96 |
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Carbolic |
Conc. (M. P. 106
F) |
C6H6O |
1.07 |
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Carbolic |
(See Phenol) |
|
|
B,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Carbonic |
Aqueous Sol. |
CO2
+ H2O |
|
4,8,16 |
| Acid Chromic |
Aqueous Sol. |
Cr2O3
+ H2O |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Citric |
Aqueous Sol. |
C6H807 + H2O |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
Acids, Fatty (Oleic,
Palmitic, Stearic, etc.) |
|
|
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Formic |
|
CH2O2 |
1.22 |
9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Fruit |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Acid, Hydrochloric |
Coml. Conc. |
HCl |
1.19 (38%) |
11 |
| Acid, Hydrochloric |
Dil. Cold |
|
|
11 |
| Acid, Hydrochloric |
Dil. Hot |
|
|
11 |
| Acid, Hydrocyanic |
|
HCN |
0.70 |
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Hydrofluoric |
Anhydrous, with
Hydrocarbon |
HF + HxCx |
|
3,14 |
| Acid, Hydrofluoric |
Aqueous Sol. |
HF |
|
14 |
| Acid, Hydrofluosilicic |
|
HSiF6 |
1.30 |
14 |
| Acid, Lactic |
|
C3H6O3 |
1.25 |
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Mine Water |
|
|
|
A,C,5,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Mixed |
Sulfuric-Nitric |
|
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Muriatic |
(See Acid, Hydrochloric) |
|
|
|
| Acid, Naphthenic |
|
|
|
C,5,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Nitric |
Conc. Boiling |
HNO3 |
1.50 |
11,16 |
| Acid, Nitric |
Dilute |
|
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Oxalic |
Cold |
C2H2O4.2H2O |
1.65 |
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Oxalic |
Hot |
C2H2O4.2H2O |
|
10,11,12 |
| Acid, Ortho-Phosphoric |
|
H3PO4 |
|
9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Picric |
|
C6H3N3O7 |
1.87 |
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Acid, Pyrogallic |
|
C6H6O3 |
1.76 |
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Pyroligneous |
|
H2SO4 |
1.45 |
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Sulfuric |
77% Cold |
|
|
C,10,11,12 |
| Acid, Sulfuric |
65/93%>175F |
|
1.69-1.84 |
11,12 |
| Acid, Sulfuric |
65/93%<175F |
|
|
10,11,12 |
| Acid, Sulfuric |
10-65% |
|
|
10,11,12 |
| Acid, Sulfuric |
<10% |
|
|
10,11,12,14 |
| Acid, Sulfuric
(Oleum) |
Fuming |
H2SO4
+ SO3 |
|
3,10,11 |
| Acid, Sulfurous |
|
H2SO3 |
1.92-1.94 |
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Acid, Tannic |
|
C14H10O9 |
|
A,3,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Acid, Tartaric |
Aqueous Sol. |
C4H6O6.H2O |
|
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Alcohols |
|
|
|
A,B,C,3 |
| Alum |
See Aluminum Sulphate
and Potash Alum |
|
|
|
| Aluminum Sulphate |
Aqueous Sol. (up
to 200ºF) |
Al2(SO4)3 |
|
10,11,12,14 |
| Ammonium, Aqua |
|
NH4OH |
|
C,8,9,16 |
| Ammonium Bicarbonate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NH4HCO3 |
|
C,3,5 |
| Ammonium Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
NH4Cl |
|
9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Ammonium Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NH4NO3 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
Ammonium Phosphate,
Dibasic |
Aqu. Sol. |
(NH4)2HPO4 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Aluminum Sulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
(NH4)2SO4 |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Ammonium Sulfate |
With sulfuric
acid |
|
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Aniline |
|
C6H7N |
1.02 |
B,C |
| Aniline Hydrochloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
C6H5NH2HC4 |
|
11,12 |
| Asphalt |
Hot |
|
0.98-1.4 |
C,5 |
| Barium Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
BaCl2 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Barium Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
Ba(NO3)2 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Beer |
|
|
|
A,8,16 |
| Beer Wort |
|
|
|
A,8,16 |
| Beet Juice |
|
|
|
A,8,16 |
| Beet Pulp |
|
|
|
A,B,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Benzene |
|
C6H6 |
0.88 |
|
| Benzine |
(See Petroleum
ether) |
|
|
|
| Benzol |
(See Benzene) |
|
|
B,C |
| Bichloride of
Mercury |
(See Mercuric
Chloride) |
|
|
|
| Black Liquor |
(See Liquor,
Pulp Mill) |
|
|
|
| Bleach Solutions |
(See type) |
|
|
|
| Blood |
|
|
|
A,B |
| Boiler Feedwater |
(See Water,
Boiler Feed) |
|
|
|
| Brine,
Calcium Chloride |
pH>8 |
CaCl2 |
|
C,11,13,14 |
| pH<8 |
|
A,10,11,13,14 |
Brine, Calcium
&
Magnesium Chlorides |
Aqu.
Sol. |
|
|
A,10,11,13,14 |
Brine, Calcium
&
Sodium Chloride |
Aqu.
Sol. |
|
|
A,10,11,13,14 |
| Brine
Sodium Chloride |
Under
3% Salt, Cold |
NaCl |
1.02-1.20 |
A,8,9,10,11,13,14,16 |
| Under
3% Salt, Hot |
9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Brine, Sea Water |
|
|
1.03 |
A,B |
| Butane |
|
C4H10 |
0.60 |
B,C,3 |
| Calcium Bisulfide |
Paper Mill |
Ca(HSO)2 |
1.06 |
9,10,11,16 |
| Calcium Chlorate |
Aqu. Sol. |
Ca(ClO3)2H2O |
|
10,11,12 |
| Calcium Hypochlorite |
|
Ca(OCl)2 |
|
10,11,12 |
Calcium Magnesium
Chloride |
(See Brines) |
|
|
|
| Cane Juice |
|
|
|
A,B,8,13,16 |
| Carbon Bisulfide |
|
CS2 |
1.26 |
C |
| Carbonate of Soda |
(See Soda Ash) |
|
|
|
| Carbon Tetrachloride |
Anhydrous |
CCl4 |
1.50 |
B,C |
| Carbon Tetrachloride |
Plus Water |
|
|
A,8,16 |
| Catsup |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Caustic Potash |
(See Potassium
Hydroxide) |
|
|
|
| Caustic Soda |
(See Sodium
Hydroxide) |
|
|
|
| Cellulose Acetate |
|
|
|
9,10,11,16 |
| Chlorate of Lime |
(See Calcium Chlorate) |
|
|
|
| Chloride of Lime |
(See Calcium
Hypochlorite) |
|
|
|
| Chlorine Water |
(Depending on
conc.) |
|
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Chlorobenzene |
|
C6H5Cl |
1.1 |
A,B,8,16 |
| Chloroform |
|
CHCl3 |
1.5 |
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Chrome Alum |
Aqu. Sol. |
CrK(SO4).12H2O |
|
10,11,12 |
| Condensate |
(See Water, Distilled) |
|
|
|
| Copperas, Green |
(See Ferrous Sulfate) |
|
|
|
Copper Ammonium
Acetate |
Aqu. Sol |
|
|
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Copper Chloride
(Cupric) |
Aqu. Sol |
CuCl2 |
|
11,12 |
| Copper Nitrate |
|
Cu(NO3)2 |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
Copper Sulfate,
Blue Vitriol |
Aqu. Sol |
CuSO4 |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Creosote |
(See Oil, Creosote) |
|
|
|
| Cresol, Meta |
|
C7H8O |
1.03 |
C,5,9,16 |
| Cyanide |
(See Sodium Cyanide,
Potassium Cyanide) |
|
|
|
| Cyanogen |
In Water |
(CN)2Gas |
|
C |
| Diphenyl |
|
C6H5.C6H5 |
.99 |
C,3 |
| Enamel |
|
|
|
C |
| Ethanol |
(See Alcohols) |
|
|
|
Ethylene chloride
(di-chloride) |
Cold |
C2H4Cl2 |
1.28 |
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Ferric Chloride |
Aqu. Sol |
FeCl3 |
|
11,12 |
| Ferric Sulphate |
Aqu. Sol |
Fe2(SO4)3 |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Ferrous Chloride |
Cold, Aqu. |
FeCl2 |
|
11,12 |
Ferrous Sulphate
(Green Copperas) |
Aqu. Sol |
FeSO4 |
|
9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Formaldehyde |
|
CH2O |
1.08 |
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Fruit Juices |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Furfural |
|
C5H4O2 |
1.16 |
A,C8,9,10,11,16 |
| Gasoline |
|
|
0.68-0.75 |
B,C |
| Glaubers Salt |
(See Sodium Sulfate) |
|
|
|
| Glucose |
|
|
|
A,B |
| Glue |
Hot |
|
|
B,C |
| Glue Sizing |
|
|
|
A |
| Glycerol (Glycerin) |
|
C3H8O3 |
1.26 |
A,B,C |
| Green Liquor |
(See Liquor, Pulp
Mill) |
|
|
|
| Heptane |
|
C7H16 |
0.69 |
B,C |
| Hydrogen Peroxide |
Aqu. Sol |
H2O2 |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Hydrogen Sulfide |
Aqu. Sol |
H2S |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Hydrosulfite of
Soda |
(See Sodium
Hydrosulfite) |
|
|
|
| Hyposulfite of
Soda |
(See Sodium
Thiosulfate) |
|
|
|
| Kaolin
Slip |
Suspension in
Water |
|
|
C,3 |
| Suspension
in Acid |
|
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Kerosene |
(See Oil, Kerosene) |
|
|
|
| Lard |
Hot |
|
|
B,C |
Lead Acetate
(Sugar of Lead) |
Aqu. Sol |
Pb(C2H3O2)2.3H20 |
|
9,10,11,14,16 |
| Lead |
Molten |
|
|
C,3 |
| Lime Water (Milk
of Lime) |
|
Ca(OH)2 |
|
C |
| Liquor-Pulp Mill:
Black |
|
|
|
C,3,9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Liquor-Pulp Mill:
Green |
|
|
|
C,3,9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Liquor-Pulp Mill:
White |
|
|
|
C,3,9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Liquor-Pulp Mill:
Pink |
|
|
|
C,3,9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Liquor-Pulp Mill:
Sulfite |
|
|
|
9,10,11,16 |
| Lithium Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
LiCl |
|
C |
| Lye, Caustic |
(See Potassium
&
Sodium Hydroxide) |
|
|
|
| Magnesium Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
MgCl2 |
|
10,11,12 |
Magnesium Sulfate
(Epsom Salts) |
Aqu. Sol. |
MgSO4 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Manganese Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
MnCl2.4H20 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Manganous Sulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
MnSO4.4H2O |
|
A,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Mash |
|
|
|
A,B,8,16 |
| Mercuric Chloride |
Very Dilute Aqu.
Sol. |
HgCl2 |
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Mercuric Chloride |
Coml. Conc Aqu.
Sol. |
HgCl2 |
|
11,12 |
| Mercuric Sulfate |
In Sulfuric Acid |
HgSO4
+ H2SO4 |
|
10,11,12 |
| Mercurous Sulfate |
In Sulfuric Acid |
Hg2SO4
+ H2SO4 |
|
10,11,12 |
| Methyl Chloride |
|
CH3Cl |
0.52 |
C |
| Methylene Chloride |
|
CH2Cl2 |
1.34 |
C,8,16 |
| Milk |
|
|
1.03-1.04 |
8,16 |
| Milk of Lime |
(See Lime Water) |
|
|
|
| Mine Water |
(See Acid,
Mine Water) |
|
|
|
| Miscella |
(20% Soyabean
Oil & Solvent) |
|
0.75 |
C |
| Molasses |
|
|
|
A,B |
| Mustard |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Naphtha |
|
|
0.78-0.88 |
B,C |
| Naphtha, Crude |
|
|
0.92-0.95 |
B,C |
| Nicotine Sulfate |
|
(C10H44N2)2H2SO4 |
|
10,11,12,14 |
| Nitre |
(See Potassium
Nitrate) |
|
|
|
| Nitre Cake |
(See Sodium
Bisulphate) |
|
|
|
| Nitre Ethane |
|
C2H5NO2 |
1.04 |
B,C |
| Nitro Methane |
|
CH3NO2 |
1.14 |
B,C |
| Oil, Coal Tar |
|
|
|
B,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Oil, Coconut |
|
|
0.91 |
A,B,C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Oil, Creosote |
|
|
1.04-1.10 |
B,C |
| Oil,
Crude |
Cold |
|
|
B,C |
| Hot |
|
|
3 |
| Oil, Essential |
|
|
|
A,B,C |
| Oil, Fuel |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Oil, Kerosene |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Oil, Linseed |
|
|
0.94 |
A,B,C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Oil, Lubricating |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Oil, Mineral |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Oil, Olive |
|
|
0.90 |
B,C |
| Oil, Palm |
|
|
0.90 |
A,B,C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Oil, Quenching |
|
|
0.91 |
B,C |
| Oil, Rapeseed |
|
|
0.92 |
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Oil, Soya Bean |
|
|
|
A,B,C,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Oil, Turpentine |
|
|
0.87 |
B,C |
| Paraffin |
Hot |
|
|
B,C |
| Perhydrol |
(See Hydrogen
Peroxide) |
|
|
|
| Peroxide of Hydrogen |
(See Hydrogen
Peroxide) |
|
|
|
| Petroleum Ether |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Phenol |
|
C4H6O |
1.07 |
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Pink Liquor |
(See Liquor, Pulp
Mill) |
|
|
|
| Photographic Developers |
|
|
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Plating Solutions |
(Varied and
complicated,
consult company.) |
|
|
|
| Potash |
Plant Liquor |
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,13,14,16 |
| Potash Alum |
Aqu. Sol. |
Al2(SO4)3K2SO4.24H2O |
|
A,8,9,10,11,13,14,16 |
| Potassium Bichromate |
Aqu. Sol. |
K2Cr2O7 |
|
C |
| Potassium Carbonate |
Aqu. Sol. |
K2CO3 |
|
C |
| Potassium Chlorate |
Aqu. Sol. |
KClO3 |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Potassium Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
KCl |
|
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Potassium Cyanide |
Aqu. Sol. |
KCN |
|
C |
| Potassium Hydroxide |
Aqu. Sol. |
KOH |
|
C,5,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16 |
| Potassium Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
KNO3 |
|
C,5,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Potassium Sulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
K2SO4 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Propane |
|
C3H8 |
0.59 @ 48°F |
B,C,3 |
| Pyridine |
|
C5H5N |
0.98 |
C |
| Pyridine Sulphate |
|
|
|
10,12 |
| Rhidolene |
|
|
|
B,C |
| Rosin (Colophony) |
Paper Mill |
|
|
C |
| Sal Ammoniac |
(See Ammonium
Chloride) |
|
|
|
| Salt Lake |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2SO4--impurities |
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Salt Water |
(See Brines) |
|
|
|
| Sea Water |
(See Brines) |
|
|
|
| Sewage |
|
|
|
A,B,C,8,16 |
| Shellac |
|
|
|
A |
| Silver Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
AgNO3 |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Slop, Brewery |
|
|
|
A,B,C |
| Slop, Distillers |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Soap Liquor |
|
|
|
C,8,16 |
| Soda
Ash |
Cold |
Na2CO3 |
|
C,8,16 |
| Hot |
|
8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaHCO3 |
|
C,8,9,10,11,13,16 |
| Sodium Bisulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaHSO4 |
|
10,11,12 |
| Sodium Carbonate |
(See Soda Ash) |
|
|
|
| Sodium Chlorate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaClO3 |
|
8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Sodium Chloride |
(See Brines) |
|
|
|
| Sodium Cyanide |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaCN |
|
C |
| Sodium Hydroxide |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaOH |
|
C,5,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16 |
| Sodium Hydrosulfite |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2S2O4.2H2O |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Sodium Hypochlorite |
|
NaOCl |
|
11,12 |
| Sodium Hyposulfite |
(See Sodium
Thiosulfate) |
|
|
|
| Sodium Meta Silicate |
|
|
|
C |
| Sodium Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaNO3 |
|
C,5,8,9,10,11,16 |
Sodium Phosphate:
Monobasic |
Aqu. Sol. |
NaH2PO4H2O |
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
Sodium Phosphate:
Dibasic |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2HPO4
.7H2O |
|
A,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
Sodium Phosphate:
Tribasic |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na4P4 .2H2O |
|
C |
Sodium Phosphate:
Meta |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na4P4O12 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
Sodium Phosphate:
Hexameta |
Aqu. Sol. |
(NaPO3)6 |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Sodium Plumbite |
Aqu. Sol. |
|
|
C |
| Sodium Sulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2SO4 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Sodium Sulfide |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2S |
|
C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Sodium Sulfite |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2SO3 |
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| SodiumThiosulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
Na2S2O3 .5H2O |
|
8,9,10,11,16 |
| Stannic Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
SnCl4 |
|
11,12 |
| Stannous Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
SnCl2 |
|
11,12 |
| Starch |
|
(C6H10O5)x |
|
A,B |
| Strontium Nitrate |
Aqu. Sol. |
Sr(NO3)2 |
|
C,8,16 |
| Sugar |
Aqu. Sol. |
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,13,16 |
| Sulfite Liquor |
(See Liquor, Pulp
Mill) |
|
|
|
| Sulfur |
In Water |
S |
|
A,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Sulfur |
Molten |
S |
|
C |
| Sulfur Chloride |
Cold |
S2Cl2 |
|
C |
| Syrup |
(See Sugar) |
|
|
|
| Tallow |
Hot |
|
0.90 |
C |
| Tanning Liquors |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,14,16 |
| Tar |
Hot |
|
|
C,3 |
| Tar & Ammonia |
In Water |
|
|
C |
| Tetrachloride
of Tin |
(See Stannic Chloride) |
|
|
|
| Tetraethyl Lead |
|
Pb(C2H5)4 |
1.66 |
B,C |
| Toluene (Toluol) |
|
C7H8 |
0.87 |
B,C |
| Trichloroethylene |
|
C2HCl3 |
1.47 |
A,B,C,8,16 |
| Urine |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Varnish |
|
|
|
A,B,C,8,14,16 |
| Vegetable Juices |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,14,16 |
| Vinegar |
|
|
|
A,8,9,10,11,12,16 |
| Vitriol, Blue |
(See Copper Sulfate) |
|
|
|
| Vitriol, Green |
(See Ferrous Sulfate) |
|
|
|
| Vitriol, Oil of |
(See Acid, Sulfuric) |
|
|
|
| Vitriol, White |
(See Zinc Sulfate) |
|
|
|
| Water,
Boiler Feed |
Not evaporated
pH>8.5 |
|
1.00 |
C,5 |
| High Makeup |
pH<8.5 |
|
|
B,C,5 |
| Low
Makeup |
Evaporated, any
pH |
|
1.66 |
4,5,8,14,16 |
| Water, Distilled |
High Purity |
|
0.87 |
A,8,16 |
| Water, Distilled |
Condensate |
|
|
A,B,5 |
| Water, Fresh |
|
|
1.00 |
B,C,5 |
| Water, Mine |
(See Acid,
Mine Water) |
|
|
|
| Water, Salt &
Sea |
(See Brines) |
|
|
|
| Whiskey |
|
|
|
A,8,16 |
| White Liquor |
(See Liquor, Pulp
Mill) |
|
|
|
| White Water |
Paper Mill |
|
|
A,B,C |
| Wine |
|
|
|
A,8,16 |
| Wood Pulp (Stock) |
|
|
|
A,B,C |
| Wood Vinegar |
(See Acid,
Pyroligneous) |
|
|
|
| Wort |
(See Beer Wort) |
|
|
|
| Xylol (Xylene) |
|
C8H10 |
0.87 |
B,C,8,9,10,11,16 |
| Yeast |
|
|
|
A,B,8,16 |
| Zinc Chloride |
Aqu. Sol. |
ZnCl2 |
|
9,10,11,12,16 |
| Zinc Sulfate |
Aqu. Sol. |
ZnSO4 |
|
A,9,10,11,16 |
|